Avian malaria is a disease caused by parasites from the genus Plasmodium, which infect birds. These parasites are transmitted primarily by mosquitoes, leading to symptoms such as lethargy, anemia, and in severe cases, death. The disease is particularly concerning for vulnerable bird populations, especially on islands where native species may lack immunity. The impact of avian malaria is significant, as it can threaten biodiversity and disrupt ecosystems. Some species, like the Hawaiian honeycreepers, are especially at risk due to their limited range and specialized habitats. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect these birds from the effects of avian malaria and its vectors.