Avant-garde jazz is a genre that pushes the boundaries of traditional jazz music. It emerged in the 1950s and is characterized by its experimental approach, often incorporating unconventional sounds, structures, and improvisation. Musicians in this style frequently explore new techniques and ideas, challenging listeners' expectations and expanding the definition of jazz. Key figures in avant-garde jazz include Ornette Coleman, John Coltrane, and Sun Ra, who each contributed unique elements to the genre. This style often blends influences from other genres, such as classical music and free improvisation, creating a rich tapestry of sound that encourages creativity and innovation.