Autologous blood transfusion is a medical procedure where a patient donates their own blood for future use, typically before a scheduled surgery. This method reduces the risk of blood transfusion reactions and infections since the blood is from the same individual. The collected blood is stored and can be transfused back to the patient during or after the surgery if needed. This approach is particularly beneficial for patients with specific blood type concerns or those who prefer to avoid donor blood for personal or medical reasons.