The asymptotic giant branch (AGB) is a late stage in the life cycle of low- to intermediate-mass stars, typically between 0.6 and 8 solar masses. During this phase, the star expands and cools, becoming a red giant. It undergoes thermal pulses, leading to significant changes in its outer layers and the production of heavy elements through nuclear fusion. As stars evolve on the AGB, they lose mass through strong stellar winds, creating a surrounding envelope of gas and dust. This material can eventually form new stars and planets, contributing to the cosmic cycle of matter. The AGB phase is crucial for the synthesis of elements like carbon and oxygen, which are essential for life.