Archaeology is the scientific study of human history and prehistory through the excavation and analysis of artifacts, structures, and other physical remains. Archaeologists explore sites where ancient civilizations once thrived, uncovering tools, pottery, and other objects that provide insights into past cultures and lifestyles. By examining these findings, archaeologists can piece together how people lived, what they believed, and how they interacted with their environment. This field often involves collaboration with other disciplines, such as anthropology and history, to create a comprehensive understanding of human development over time, including significant periods like the Stone Age and the Roman Empire.