Anesthetic gases are substances used to induce a state of controlled unconsciousness during surgical procedures. They work by affecting the central nervous system, allowing patients to undergo operations without feeling pain or distress. Common examples include nitrous oxide and isoflurane, which are administered through inhalation. These gases are carefully monitored by medical professionals, such as anesthesiologists, to ensure patient safety. The dosage and type of gas used depend on the procedure and individual patient needs. After surgery, the gases are typically eliminated from the body through breathing, allowing patients to regain consciousness.