An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is an electronic device that transforms continuous signals, such as sound or light, into a digital format that computers can process. This conversion allows for the representation of real-world phenomena in a binary system, enabling digital devices to interpret and manipulate the information. ADCs are essential in various applications, including audio recording, video processing, and sensor data collection. They work by sampling the analog signal at specific intervals and quantizing the values into discrete levels, ensuring that the digital representation accurately reflects the original signal's characteristics.