Advance-fee fraud is a type of scam where a victim is persuaded to pay money upfront, or an "advance fee," in order to receive a promised benefit, such as a loan, investment, or prize. The scammer often creates a sense of urgency or offers an attractive deal to convince the victim to send money quickly. Once the victim pays the advance fee, the scammer typically disappears, and the promised benefit never materializes. This type of fraud can occur through various channels, including email, phone calls, or social media, and often involves fake identities or organizations, such as Nigerian princes or lottery winnings.