Adaptive immunity is a specialized part of the immune system that develops over time in response to specific pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria. Unlike innate immunity, which provides immediate defense, adaptive immunity learns and remembers these invaders, allowing for a stronger and faster response upon future encounters. This process involves the activation of T cells and B cells, which are types of white blood cells. When a pathogen is detected, B cells produce antibodies that target and neutralize the invader, while T cells can directly kill infected cells or help coordinate the immune response. This tailored approach not only protects the body but also creates immunological memory, ensuring long-lasting protection against previously encountered pathogens.