Activators are substances or factors that initiate or enhance a specific process or reaction. In biology, they can refer to molecules that bind to enzymes or receptors, increasing their activity. For example, in the context of gene expression, activators are proteins that help turn on the transcription of specific genes, allowing cells to produce necessary proteins. In chemistry, activators can also refer to compounds that increase the rate of a chemical reaction. They often work by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. This concept is crucial in various fields, including biochemistry and industrial chemistry, where optimizing reactions is essential for efficiency.