The Ziegler-Natta catalyst is a type of catalyst used in the production of polymers, particularly polyethylene and polypropylene. It was developed in the 1950s by chemists Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who were awarded the Nobel Prize for their work. This catalyst allows for the polymerization of alkenes at lower temperatures and pressures, making the process more efficient. Ziegler-Natta catalysts typically consist of a combination of a transition metal compound, such as titanium chloride, and an organoaluminum compound. These catalysts enable the formation of high-density and low-density polyethylene, which are essential materials in various applications, including packaging and plastic products.