The Z2 group is a mathematical structure in the field of group theory, which is a branch of abstract algebra. It consists of two elements, typically represented as 0 and 1, with a binary operation called addition modulo 2. This means that when you add the two elements, 1 + 1, the result wraps around to 0. In the Z2 group, both elements have specific properties: 0 acts as the identity element, meaning that adding 0 to any element does not change it, while 1 is its own inverse, as 1 + 1 equals 0. This simple structure is fundamental in various areas of mathematics and computer science, including coding theory and cryptography.