Xor is a logical operation used in computer science and mathematics that stands for "exclusive or." It takes two boolean inputs and returns true if exactly one of the inputs is true, and false if both inputs are true or both are false. This makes it useful in various applications, such as digital circuits and programming. In binary terms, the Xor operation can be represented as follows: if you have two bits, 0 and 1, the result of Xor is 1 when the bits differ (0 and 1 or 1 and 0) and 0 when they are the same (0 and 0 or 1 and 1). This property makes Xor valuable for error detection and cryptography.