X and Y are two variables commonly used in mathematics and science to represent different quantities. X often denotes the independent variable, while Y represents the dependent variable, which changes in response to X. This relationship is frequently illustrated in graphs, where X is plotted on the horizontal axis and Y on the vertical axis. In various fields, such as economics and physics, understanding the relationship between X and Y is crucial for analyzing trends and making predictions. For example, in a simple experiment, increasing X might lead to a measurable change in Y, helping researchers draw conclusions about their interaction.