In mathematics, the equation "X = 49" indicates that the variable X is equal to the number 49. This means that whenever X is referenced, it can be replaced with 49. This type of equation is often used in algebra to solve for unknown values. The number 49 is a perfect square, as it is the result of multiplying 7 by itself (7 × 7 = 49). Perfect squares are important in various areas of mathematics, including geometry and number theory, as they help in understanding properties of numbers and shapes.