The equation "X = 48" indicates that the variable X is equal to the number 48. In mathematics, this means that whenever you see X in an equation or expression, you can replace it with 48. This is a simple way to define a specific value for a variable. In practical terms, knowing that X equals 48 can help solve problems or equations where X is involved. For example, if you have an equation like X + 12 = 60, you can substitute X with 48 to check if the equation holds true.