Word order typology studies the arrangement of words in sentences across different languages. It categorizes languages based on the sequence of the subject (S), verb (V), and object (O) in a typical sentence. The most common types include SVO (Subject-Verb-Object), as seen in English, and SOV (Subject-Object-Verb), found in languages like Japanese. This typology helps linguists understand how different languages structure information and convey meaning. By analyzing word order, researchers can identify patterns and relationships between languages, contributing to the broader field of linguistics and enhancing our understanding of human communication.