Wolfgang Köhler was a German psychologist and one of the founders of the field of Gestalt psychology. Born on January 21, 1887, he is best known for his work on perception and problem-solving, particularly through his studies with chimpanzees. Köhler's research emphasized the importance of understanding the whole experience rather than just the individual parts. Köhler's most famous experiment involved a chimpanzee named Sultan, who demonstrated insight by using tools to reach bananas placed out of reach. His findings contributed significantly to our understanding of cognitive processes and challenged the behaviorist view of learning, highlighting the role of mental processes in understanding behavior.