Wine varietals refer to the specific types of grapes used to produce wine. Each varietal has unique characteristics, including flavor, aroma, and color, influenced by factors like climate and soil. Common varietals include Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot, each offering distinct tasting experiences. The classification of wine varietals helps consumers understand what to expect when selecting a bottle. For example, Pinot Noir is known for its light body and fruity notes, while Syrah tends to be bold and spicy. Understanding these differences can enhance the enjoyment of wine tasting and pairing with food.