William Zartman is an American political scientist known for his work in the field of conflict resolution and negotiation. He has contributed significantly to the understanding of how conflicts arise and can be managed, particularly in international relations. His research often focuses on the dynamics of power and the role of third parties in mediating disputes. Zartman is also recognized for his concept of "ripeness," which refers to the conditions under which parties are ready to negotiate a resolution to their conflicts. His ideas have influenced both academic discourse and practical approaches to diplomacy, making him a notable figure in the study of conflict resolution and international relations.