William of Orange, also known as William III of England, was a key figure in European history during the late 17th century. Born in 1650 in the Netherlands, he became the leader of the Dutch Republic and played a crucial role in the struggle against French expansion under Louis XIV. His efforts helped to establish a balance of power in Europe. In 1688, William led the Glorious Revolution in England, which resulted in the overthrow of King James II. He and his wife, Mary II, were invited to rule, marking the beginning of constitutional monarchy in England. William's reign is noted for promoting religious tolerance and strengthening parliamentary democracy.