Willem II was the King of the Netherlands from 1849 until his death in 1890. He was born on December 17, 1792, and became king after the death of his father, King William I. His reign was marked by significant political changes, including the establishment of a parliamentary system and the expansion of civil rights. Willem II was also known for his interest in military affairs and played a role in the Dutch colonial expansion during his time. He was a supporter of the arts and sciences, contributing to the cultural development of the Netherlands. His legacy includes a more modern and democratic Dutch state.