Whakapapa is a fundamental concept in Māori culture that refers to genealogy and the connections between individuals, their ancestors, and the land. It encompasses not only family lineage but also the relationships between people and their environment, emphasizing the importance of ancestry in shaping identity and belonging. In a broader sense, whakapapa connects Māori people to their heritage, history, and the natural world. It serves as a framework for understanding one's place in the universe, fostering a sense of responsibility towards both ancestors and future generations.