The Western Zhou was a period in ancient Chinese history that lasted from approximately 1046 to 771 BCE. It followed the overthrow of the Shang Dynasty and marked the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty. The Western Zhou is known for its feudal system, where land was granted to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military support. This era saw the establishment of the Mandate of Heaven, a key concept that justified the ruler's authority. During the Western Zhou, the capital was located at Xi'an, which served as a political and cultural center. The period is characterized by significant developments in bronze casting, literature, and philosophy. The decline of the Western Zhou began with internal strife and external threats, leading to the eventual move of the capital to the east, marking the start of the Eastern Zhou period.