Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a neurological disorder caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), often linked to chronic alcohol abuse. It consists of two main components: Wernicke's encephalopathy, which causes confusion, eye movement issues, and lack of muscle coordination, and Korsakoff's syndrome, characterized by memory problems and confabulation, where individuals create false memories. This syndrome can lead to severe cognitive impairments if left untreated. Early diagnosis and treatment with thiamine supplementation can help improve symptoms, but some cognitive deficits may persist. It highlights the importance of proper nutrition and addressing substance abuse issues.