Well integrity refers to the ability of a well to contain fluids and gases safely throughout its life cycle. This involves maintaining the structural integrity of the wellbore, which is the hole drilled to access resources like oil and gas. Proper well integrity ensures that there are no leaks or failures that could lead to environmental contamination or safety hazards. Key components of well integrity include the casing, cement, and wellhead. The casing is a series of steel pipes that line the wellbore, while cement is used to secure the casing in place and prevent fluid migration. Regular monitoring and maintenance are essential to uphold well integrity and protect surrounding ecosystems.