Web Components are a set of web platform APIs that allow developers to create reusable and encapsulated custom HTML elements. These components can be used in web applications, making it easier to manage complex user interfaces. They consist of four main technologies: Custom Elements, Shadow DOM, HTML Templates, and HTML Imports. By using Web Components, developers can build modular applications that promote code reusability and maintainability. This approach helps in separating concerns, as each component can manage its own styles and behavior without affecting the rest of the application. Overall, Web Components enhance the development process by providing a standardized way to create and share UI elements.