Web application protocols are standardized methods that enable communication between web servers and clients, such as browsers. These protocols define how data is transmitted over the internet, ensuring that requests and responses are properly formatted and understood. The most common protocol is HTTP, which allows users to access web pages and resources. Another important protocol is HTTPS, a secure version of HTTP that encrypts data to protect user privacy. Other protocols, like WebSocket, facilitate real-time communication between clients and servers, making them essential for applications like online gaming and chat services. These protocols are crucial for the functionality and security of web applications.