Wave fields refer to the spatial distribution of waves in a medium, such as air, water, or solid materials. These waves can be mechanical, like sound waves, or electromagnetic, like light waves. The characteristics of a wave field, including its amplitude, frequency, and phase, determine how the waves interact with each other and their environment. In physics, wave fields are often analyzed using mathematical models to understand phenomena like interference and diffraction. Tools such as Fourier transforms help break down complex wave patterns into simpler components, making it easier to study their behavior and effects in various applications, including acoustics and optics.