Water-cooled condensers are devices used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems to remove heat from refrigerants. They work by circulating water through a heat exchanger, where the heat from the refrigerant is transferred to the water. This process cools the refrigerant, allowing it to condense back into a liquid state. These condensers are often more efficient than air-cooled systems, especially in large installations. They require a continuous supply of water, which can come from sources like cooling towers or city water. Proper maintenance is essential to prevent issues like scaling and corrosion, ensuring optimal performance.