War Communism was an economic and political system implemented by the Bolshevik government in Russia from 1918 to 1921 during the Russian Civil War. It aimed to centralize control over the economy to support the war effort against anti-Bolshevik forces. Key features included the nationalization of industry, forced requisitioning of agricultural products from peasants, and the abolition of money in favor of barter. The policy led to significant hardships, including food shortages and widespread discontent among the population. Ultimately, War Communism was replaced by the New Economic Policy in 1921, which allowed for some private enterprise and market mechanisms to revive the economy.