The Visconti dynasty was a powerful family that ruled the city of Milan and its surrounding territories in northern Italy from the late 13th century until the early 15th century. They played a significant role in the political and cultural development of the region, establishing Milan as a major center of trade and art during the Renaissance. The dynasty began with Ottone Visconti, who became the first lord of Milan in 1277. Over the years, the Visconti expanded their influence through strategic marriages and military conquests, leading to a period of prosperity. Their rule ended when the last Visconti duke, Filippo Maria Visconti, died in 1447, paving the way for the rise of the Sforza family.