The visceral pleura is a thin membrane that covers the surface of the lungs. It is part of the pleura, which consists of two layers: the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura. The visceral pleura is directly attached to the lung tissue, providing a protective layer while allowing for smooth movement during breathing. This membrane plays a crucial role in the respiratory system by facilitating the expansion and contraction of the lungs. It produces a small amount of pleural fluid, which reduces friction between the lungs and the chest wall, ensuring efficient airflow during inhalation and exhalation.