Virtual Network Operators (VNOs) are companies that provide telecommunications services without owning the physical infrastructure. Instead, they lease network capacity from established carriers, allowing them to offer services like mobile phone plans or internet access under their own brand. This model enables VNOs to focus on customer service and marketing rather than the complexities of network management. By utilizing the existing networks of larger providers, VNOs can quickly enter the market and cater to specific customer needs. They often target niche markets or offer competitive pricing, making telecommunications more accessible. Examples of VNOs include MVNOs (Mobile Virtual Network Operators) and ISPs (Internet Service Providers).