A Virtual Network Operator (VNO) is a company that provides telecommunications services without owning the physical infrastructure. Instead, VNOs lease network capacity from established carriers, allowing them to offer services like mobile phone plans or internet access under their own brand. This model enables smaller companies to enter the market and compete with larger providers. VNOs can focus on specific customer needs, such as niche markets or unique service offerings. They often provide tailored solutions, leveraging the existing networks of major operators like Verizon or AT&T. This approach allows for innovation and flexibility in the telecommunications industry.