Viral classification is the process of categorizing viruses based on their characteristics, such as structure, genetic material, and replication methods. The primary criteria include the type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), the presence of an envelope, and the shape of the virus. This system helps scientists understand the relationships between different viruses and their potential impact on health. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) is responsible for establishing and maintaining the classification system. Viruses are grouped into families, genera, and species, allowing researchers to study their behavior, transmission, and the diseases they cause more effectively.