The Venetian Empire was a powerful maritime state that emerged from the city of Venice in the late Middle Ages. It controlled trade routes across the Mediterranean Sea and established colonies and trading posts in regions such as the Dalmatian Coast, Cyprus, and parts of the Aegean Sea. The empire thrived on commerce, particularly in spices, silk, and other luxury goods. At its height, the Venetian Empire was known for its unique political system, which included a ruling council and a doge as its leader. The empire played a significant role in the Crusades and was influential in the cultural exchange between the East and West. Its decline began in the 17th century due to competition from emerging powers and changing trade routes.