Vascular regulation refers to the mechanisms that control the diameter and tone of blood vessels, influencing blood flow and pressure throughout the body. This process is essential for maintaining adequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to tissues, as well as for regulating body temperature and responding to physical activity. Key factors in vascular regulation include endothelial cells, which line blood vessels and release substances like nitric oxide to promote relaxation, and smooth muscle cells, which can contract or relax to change vessel diameter. Additionally, the nervous system and various hormones play crucial roles in modulating vascular responses to different physiological demands.