Variable naming is the process of choosing meaningful names for variables in programming. A variable is like a container that holds data, and its name helps you understand what kind of information it stores. For example, naming a variable age clearly indicates that it holds a person's age, making your code easier to read and maintain. Good variable names should be descriptive and concise. Instead of using vague names like x or temp, opt for names like totalScore or userName. This practice not only helps you and others understand your code better but also reduces the chances of errors when revisiting or sharing your work.