A Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) is a type of rechargeable battery that uses vanadium ions in different oxidation states to store and release energy. It consists of two electrolyte solutions, one containing vanadium ions and the other typically containing sulfuric acid. The energy is stored in the liquid electrolytes, allowing for scalable energy storage solutions. VRFBs are particularly useful for large-scale energy storage applications, such as integrating renewable energy sources like solar power and wind energy into the grid. They offer advantages like long cycle life, quick response times, and the ability to discharge energy over extended periods, making them suitable for balancing supply and demand.