A Vanadium Redox Battery (VRB) is a type of rechargeable flow battery that uses vanadium ions in different oxidation states to store and release energy. It consists of two electrolyte solutions, one containing vanadium in the +3 and +4 oxidation states, and the other in the +2 and +5 states. This design allows for efficient energy storage and long cycle life, making it suitable for large-scale energy applications. VRBs are particularly useful for renewable energy systems, such as solar and wind, where they can store excess energy for later use. Their ability to decouple power and energy capacity enables flexible design and scalability, making them an attractive option for grid energy storage solutions.