Valvular Heart Diseases refer to conditions that affect the heart valves, which are crucial for regulating blood flow within the heart. These diseases can involve the narrowing (stenosis) or leaking (regurgitation) of the valves, leading to inefficient blood circulation. Common types include aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation, which can result from age, infections, or congenital defects. Symptoms of valvular heart diseases may include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs or abdomen. Diagnosis typically involves echocardiograms and other imaging tests. Treatment options range from medication to surgical interventions, depending on the severity of the condition.