Vacuum insulation is a technology that uses a vacuum, or empty space, between two layers of material to reduce heat transfer. This vacuum acts as an excellent insulator, preventing heat from escaping or entering. It is commonly used in products like thermos flasks and refrigerators to maintain temperature. The effectiveness of vacuum insulation comes from its ability to minimize conduction and convection, which are two primary ways heat moves. By eliminating air between the layers, it significantly enhances energy efficiency, making it a popular choice in both household and industrial applications.