The notation "V × W" typically represents the Cartesian product of two sets, V and W. This means that it consists of all possible ordered pairs where the first element comes from set V and the second element comes from set W. For example, if V = 1, 2 and W = a, b, then V × W = (1, a), (1, b), (2, a), (2, b). In mathematics, the Cartesian product is a fundamental concept used in various fields, including set theory and geometry. It helps in understanding relationships between different sets and can be visualized as a grid or matrix where each point represents a unique combination of elements from the two sets.