Urban reform refers to efforts aimed at improving the living conditions in cities. This can include initiatives to enhance public transportation, increase affordable housing, and create more green spaces. Urban reform often addresses issues like overcrowding, pollution, and inadequate infrastructure, making cities more livable for residents. These reforms can be driven by local governments, community organizations, or urban planners. Notable examples include the work of Jane Jacobs, who advocated for community-based urban planning, and various policies implemented in cities like New York and San Francisco to promote sustainable development and social equity.