Urban rail systems are public transportation networks that operate within cities, providing efficient and reliable travel options for residents and visitors. These systems typically include subways, trams, and light rail, which connect various neighborhoods and key destinations, helping to reduce traffic congestion and pollution. These rail systems are designed to accommodate high passenger volumes, often featuring frequent service and dedicated tracks. They play a crucial role in urban planning by promoting sustainable transportation and enhancing accessibility, making it easier for people to commute to work, school, and other activities within the urban environment.