Urban decay refers to the process where urban areas, particularly cities, experience a decline in their physical, social, and economic conditions. This phenomenon often results in abandoned buildings, deteriorating infrastructure, and a decrease in population as residents move to more prosperous areas. Factors contributing to urban decay include economic downturns, lack of investment, and changes in industry. The effects of urban decay can lead to increased crime rates, reduced property values, and a decline in community services. Cities may respond to urban decay through revitalization efforts, which can include gentrification, community development programs, and investments in infrastructure to improve living conditions and attract new residents.