Universal Product Codes (UPCs) are unique barcodes used to identify products in retail and inventory systems. Each UPC consists of 12 digits, which help track items from manufacturers to consumers. The code is typically found on product packaging and can be scanned at checkout to quickly retrieve pricing and inventory information. UPCs are essential for efficient supply chain management and help reduce human error during sales transactions. They are part of a broader system of barcodes, which includes other formats like QR codes and EANs, used globally to streamline product identification and sales processes.