The United States Census Bureau is a government agency responsible for collecting and analyzing data about the population and economy of the United States. It conducts the decennial Census, which counts every person living in the country, providing essential information for government representation and resource allocation. In addition to the Census, the Bureau conducts various surveys, such as the American Community Survey, which gathers detailed demographic, social, and economic data. This information helps policymakers, researchers, and businesses make informed decisions and understand trends within the population.