Underground comics, often referred to as comix, emerged in the 1960s as an alternative to mainstream comic books. These comics were created by independent artists and writers who sought to express countercultural ideas, social commentary, and personal narratives. They often featured unconventional art styles and themes that challenged societal norms, including topics like politics, sexuality, and drug culture. The movement was significantly influenced by the counterculture of the time, including the hippie movement and the rise of psychedelic art. Notable figures in underground comics include Robert Crumb, whose work often reflected the complexities of modern life. These comics played a crucial role in expanding the boundaries of the comic medium and paved the way for future independent creators.